Libro de Visitas

Jamesten

02 May 2025 - 04:36 pm

This Mixer Money also supports Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies like Ethereum, Bitcoin Cash, and Litecoin bearing no logs policy. It requires a minimum deposit of 0.005 BTC, 0.01 BCH, 0.1 ETH, 1 LTC, and the transaction fee is 0.5% plus 0.0005 for each extra address. It supports multiple addresses of up to 10 and requires confirmation from 1 to 50. No registration is required and it does offer a referral program. Also, it comes with a letter of guarantee. Yomix : Excellent customer support Bitcoin Mixer : It offers flexible transaction fees and a low minimum transaction limit Coinmize : Zero-log policy Coin Mixer : Fast payouts Bitcoin Laundry : Uses stealth pools to anonymize transactions 1. Yomix - Excellent customer support An interesting cryptocurrency tumbler is Yomix. It supports bitcoin and Ethereum cryptocurrencies bearing no logs policy. It requires a minimum deposit of 0.2 BTC and the transaction fee is 2–5%. It does not support multiple addresses and requires 6 confirmations. No registration is required and it does not offer a referral program.Yomix offers a unique service with a high degree of confidentiality, which will ensure the anonymity of your payments, by using the mixing of multiple Bitcoin addresses. Our system works quickly, reliably and with a small commission – only after the transfer and receipt of funds to the final address. Of course, all of the data about your transaction will be irretrievably deleted.Yomix is another simple yet trustworthy Bitcoin Tumbler service. And one of the primary differences it has compared to the other platforms on this list is that it can accommodate really “large volume transactions”. There is no maximum transaction limit as such, considering how their reserve is really huge and you’ll need to be a millionaire before you can run them out of funds. If any limit is breached, you are notified before you make the payment. The minimum transaction 0.001BTC, any amount lower than this is is considered a donation, like in the case of PriveCoin, and isn’t sent back to the customer. The minimum fee is 0.5%, with an additional 0.0005BTC for every deposited transaction. You can set a custom fee for added anonymity and they also provide a letter or guarantee like all the mentionable Bitcoin Tumblers out there.One of the most currency-rich mixers in the industry, letting us Mix not just Bitcoin but Litecoin, Bitcoin Cash and Ethereum (coming soon) is what Yomix is. Also flaunts probably the most colourful and easy to use Interfaces I’ve ever seen. Provides 100% Control to users regarding every aspect of the mix. As in, users control the exact amount of fee (to the 4th decimal point!), the exact time-delay (by the minute and not just hours) and also the Percentage distribution. It’s transparent and even has a “fee calculator” which displays the exact amount of funds a user would receive on each additional address, as well as the total service and the address-fee. Maximum 8 total output addresses allowed. The minimum service fee a user can pay is 1%, with the maximum being 5%. The additional address fee is 0.00045529 BTC, 0.01072904 LTC, and 0.00273174 BCH for Bitcoin, Litecoin and Bitcoin Cash respectively. Has three fund-pools, and they all have funds from different sources in them which have different levels of anonymity. Does have a “No Logs Policy”. No registration required. Pros: Zero-log policy Fast payouts 2. Bitcoin Mixer - It offers flexible transaction fees and a low minimum transaction limitBitcoin Mixer offers a unique service with a high degree of confidentiality, which will ensure the anonymity of your payments, by using the mixing of multiple Bitcoin addresses. Our system works quickly, reliably and with a small commission – only after the transfer and receipt of funds to the final address. Of course, all of the data about your transaction will be irretrievably deleted.Bitcoin Mixer only supports Bitcoin transactions and requires customers to deposit a minimum of 0.001 BTC. Transaction fees range from 0.5 to 3% depending on the amount that is being transferred. This Bitcoin mixer supports multiple addresses and custom options (max of 10). Nonetheless, confirmation is required. Bitcoin Mixer does not have a referral program in place.Bitcoin Mixer has a Bitcoin reserve of its own, consider it a chain of Bitcoins, when you send your BTC to Blender.io it sends your coins to the end of the chain and sends you fresh, new, unlinked coins from the beginning of the chain. Hence there’s no link between the coins going in, and the coins coming out. Hence the public ledger would only be able to track the coins going from your wallet to the address of Blender.io but no further. Blender.io doesn’t require you to signup, register, or provide any kind of detail except the “receiving address”! That’s the only thing it needs, there can’t be a better form of anonymity if you ask me. Since you provide no personal details, there’s no way your identity can be compromised. Nor can it be linked back to you, since Bitcoin Mixer doesn’t know who you are. Blender.io is one of the most accommodating tumblers in this sense as well, most other tumblers offer 3-4 sets of delays, Blender.io offers as many as 24, yes one for each hour. It also lets you add as many as 8 new addresses for each transaction (most other tumblers allow no more than 5 addresses).Bitcoin Mixer is a simple service that will increase your privacy while using and transacting Litecoin. Every single person have its right for a personal privacy even when transacting, trading or donating Litecoin. Due to litecoin blockchain features you are not completely anonymous while using LTC and here comes Litecoin Mixing Service to help you cut all ties between your old and fresh mixed LTC coins. Using LTC mixer makes almost impossible third-parties to trace your new Litecoin Address and find out how wealthy you are. Pros: Excellent customer support Doesn’t require registration 3. Coinmize - Zero-log policy Coinmize has a Bitcoin reserve of its own, consider it a chain of Bitcoins, when you send your BTC to Blender.io it sends your coins to the end of the chain and sends you fresh, new, unlinked coins from the beginning of the chain. Hence there’s no link between the coins going in, and the coins coming out. Hence the public ledger would only be able to track the coins going from your wallet to the address of Blender.io but no further. Blender.io doesn’t require you to signup, register, or provide any kind of detail except the “receiving address”! That’s the only thing it needs, there can’t be a better form of anonymity if you ask me. Since you provide no personal details, there’s no way your identity can be compromised. Nor can it be linked back to you, since Coinmize doesn’t know who you are. Blender.io is one of the most accommodating tumblers in this sense as well, most other tumblers offer 3-4 sets of delays, Blender.io offers as many as 24, yes one for each hour. It also lets you add as many as 8 new addresses for each transaction (most other tumblers allow no more than 5 addresses).One of the most currency-rich mixers in the industry, letting us Mix not just Bitcoin but Litecoin, Bitcoin Cash and Ethereum (coming soon) is what Coinmize is. Also flaunts probably the most colourful and easy to use Interfaces I’ve ever seen. Provides 100% Control to users regarding every aspect of the mix. As in, users control the exact amount of fee (to the 4th decimal point!), the exact time-delay (by the minute and not just hours) and also the Percentage distribution. It’s transparent and even has a “fee calculator” which displays the exact amount of funds a user would receive on each additional address, as well as the total service and the address-fee. Maximum 8 total output addresses allowed. The minimum service fee a user can pay is 1%, with the maximum being 5%. The additional address fee is 0.00045529 BTC, 0.01072904 LTC, and 0.00273174 BCH for Bitcoin, Litecoin and Bitcoin Cash respectively. Has three fund-pools, and they all have funds from different sources in them which have different levels of anonymity. Does have a “No Logs Policy”. No registration required.Another solid Bitcoin Tumbler option, Coinmize requires a minimum deposit of 0.01 BTC to be made but makes up for this with a lower transaction fee of 2% coupled with a 0.0004 BTC network fee. Support for multiple addresses and customer options is provided with users required to provide confirmation for only 1 address. While there is no referral program available, Coinmize does offer users with a letter of guarantee for their peace of mind.Coinmize is being listed at the #1 spot here, well that’s not without substance. The top reasons why I’m in love with this Bitcoin tumbler is because it’s fast, takes care of our anonymity and privacy, and has a very negligible fee. Smartmix bitcoin mixing service The payout is almost instant, all it needs is 2 confirmations for the dirty coins being sent in to be cleaned or tumbled. No account needs to be created to clean your coins either. They have advanced options which let you set “delayed payouts” which further increase your anonymity and make it hard to link the coins going inside to the coins coming out. There’s even an option to add up to 5 addresses, so your coins are broken down into 5 different parts and sent to the different addresses again adding another layer of anonymity. The minimum amount too is pretty low being just 0.001BTC while the maximum limit is 15.32BTC. It’s pocket-friendly as well, with the fee being just 0.5% per mix + 0.0001BTC/address, in fact, it probably is one of the lowest fee in the industry altogether. As for anonymity, they delete all logs related to your mix after 7 days which finally erases the last thread which could ever be linked back to you. So yes, enough reasons to list it at the #1 spot, don’t you agree? Pros: It offers flexible transaction fees and a low minimum transaction limitProvides user-controlled time delays 4. Coin Mixer - Fast payouts How it works: unlike other mixers, this site cleans coins with bitcoins purchased by them on cryptocurrency exchanges. Coin Mixer io examines purchased coins using a scoring system with innovative algorithms and the use of technologies such as blockchain volume analysis, cluster analysis, pollution analysis, etc. After that, you will receive your BTC back, divided into random parts, and even sent in different addresses, if necessary. The whole process takes about 6 hours. The mixer does not require registration and does not store any logs. After each mixing operation, a letter of guarantee is sent, and information about it is eliminated after 24 hours, ensuring complete anonymity. The service also provides round-the-clock technical support. MixTum io charges a flat fee of 5% of the transaction, as well as a network fee of 0.00015 BTC. The program has two versions – for regular browsers and Tor.Coin Mixer supports Bitcoin and Litecoin cryptocurrencies bearing no logs policy. It requires a minimum deposit of 0.005 BTC, 0.015 LTC and the transaction fee is from 0.4% to 4% + mining fee 0.0003 for BTC, from 2% to 20% + mining fee 0.0003 for LTC. It supports multiple addresses of up to 5 and requires confirmation from 1 till 6. No registration is required and it does offer a referral program as well as a letter of guarantee.The principle of operation of the resource is that Coin Mixer sends coins of all users to a single account, mixes them, and then distributes coins to users. You get the same amount (minus commission) of already cleared bitcoins, including several from different parts of the blockchain. Which makes it almost impossible to analyze it. The mixer also sends you a letter of guarantee. This letter of guarantee is a confirmation of the obligations of BitMix biz and that the service has generated an address for the user to send. This email is always signed from the main bitcoin account Coin Mixer (publicly available at BitMix biz). The service also uses a unique code of 12 characters, after that, this user will never receive exactly his own coins back. Save this code it will be needed for the affiliate program. BitMix biz includes an affiliate program and pays users when they bring other users to the platform. You will receive a fee for every transaction you refer to. BitMix biz’s robust privacy policy is backed by several points: No registration and identity verification required. Transaction history is deleted after 72 hours. The randomization function makes the analysis of the protocol more difficult. Tor browser support.How it works: you fill in the whole amount of the resource account and the Coin Mixer system divides it into small amounts and distributes them to different wallets, mixing them with the coins of other clients or with bitcoins taken on a foreign cryptocurrency exchange, you also get them in small portions to your wallet already washed. This process increases the anonymity of your coins. Features of the service: The main difference between this server is that it has 2 different mixing modes. Cleaning is carried out automatically.In one of the modes, pure BTC is received through foreign cryptocurrency exchanges. Guarantees with PGP signatures are used. Low and high minimum and maximum entry thresholds from 0.001 BTC to 50 BTC. The mixing procedure takes up to 6 hours. Note that there are services that offer to wait 1-2 days. Registration on this platform is not required. Cleaning is carried out automatically. Data encryption is practiced. At the time of writing, Coin Mixer is one of the best BTC mixing services out there. We definitely recommend it. Pros: Provides user-controlled time delays Customizable mixing settings for better anonymity 5. Bitcoin Laundry - Uses stealth pools to anonymize transactions Bitcoin Laundry is a btc shuffle service needed to hide your transfers in the bitcoin world. Bitcoin Laundry currently has a minimum withdrawal threshold of 0.03500000 BTC, so users are advised to deposit more than the entry threshold plus commission, otherwise they will not be able to withdraw funds. The client is asked to set 5 exit addresses. If for some reason, even after a delay of two hours, the user’s balance is not updated, the mixer can contact the support service to take action. For customers who have been inactive for several days, it can take up to 15 minutes after logging in before you see outstanding deposits. Transaction histories are automatically deleted within 1 week after that. The program runs on a dedicated server that is openly connected via the Internet (you don’t need to do this when using the Tor browser). The Bitcoin mixer is launched on another machine, all suspicious activity is monitored, and the website is automatically protected in case of any indication that it is under DDoS attack.Another solid Bitcoin Tumbler option, Bitcoin Laundry requires a minimum deposit of 0.01 BTC to be made but makes up for this with a lower transaction fee of 2% coupled with a 0.0004 BTC network fee. Support for multiple addresses and customer options is provided with users required to provide confirmation for only 1 address. While there is no referral program available, Bitcoin Laundry does offer users with a letter of guarantee for their peace of mind.As well as others, Bitcoin Laundry has both a clear-web CryptoMixer. This mixing service is notable for accommodating extremely large-volume transactions. After public verification of their reserve of 2000 BTC there is no doubt that users can trust this mixing service and their cryprocurrencies will not be taken. The number of needed confirmations differs depending on the deposited amount, e.g. for depositing less that 25 BTC there is only 1 confirmation needed, in case of sending more than 1000 BTC a user needs to gather 5 confirmations. To use this platform, a Bitcoin Laundry code needs to be created. A user should note it, so it is easy to use it next time. After entering a CryptoMixer code, users need to provide the output address or several of them and then set a time-delay feature. A delay time is determined automatically and a user can modify it if needed. A service fee can be also selected from the table depending on the sent sum. Each transaction requires additional fee of 0.0005 BTC. Also, a calculator on the main page helps every user to see the amount of crypto money sent and got back after mixing.Bitcoin Laundry is a coin cleaning service that can hide your footprints in the cryptocurrency world. Currently, Bitcoin Laundry has a minimum withdrawal threshold of 0.03500000 BTC, so users are advised to transfer more than the entry threshold plus commission, otherwise they will not be able to withdraw funds. The client is given 5 exit addresses to be set. If for some reason, even after a delay of two hours, the user’s balance does not update, then the client can contact the support service to take action. For users who have been inactive for several days, it can take up to 15 minutes after logging in before you see outstanding deposits. The logs are kept for 7 days after which they are automatically deleted. The platform runs on a dedicated server that is openly connected via the Internet (you don’t need to do this when using the Tor browser). The Bitcoin mixer runs on a different machine, all suspicious activity is monitored and the website is automatically blocked on any signal that it is under intrusion. Pros: Extensive FAQ section Excellent customer support

Miriamfag

02 May 2025 - 01:29 pm

Might not fit perfectly here, but felt like saying it

A little earlier I discovered a site called that Talabout site.

It’s full of conversations with people from all walks of life — thoughtful, not your typical media stuff.

Sometimes the vibe there strangely mirrors the stuff being shared here.


Would love to know if it resonates with anyone else here

Davidmalge

02 May 2025 - 12:15 pm

While the Cumberland sample may contain longer chains of fatty acids, SAM is not designed to detect them. But SAM’s ability to spot these larger molecules suggests it could detect similar chemical signatures of past life on Mars if they’re present, Williams said.
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“Curiosity is not a life detection mission,” Freissinet said. “Curiosity is a habitability detection mission to know if all the conditions were right … for life to evolve. Having these results, it’s really at the edge of the capabilities of Curiosity, and it’s even maybe better than what we had expected from this mission.”

Before sending missions to Mars, scientists didn’t think organic molecules would be found on the red planet because of the intensity of radiation Mars has long endured, Glavin said.
Curiosity won’t return to Yellowknife Bay during its mission, but there are still pristine pieces of the Cumberland sample aboard. Next, the team wants to design a new experiment to see what it can detect. If the team can identify similar long-chain molecules, it would mark another step forward that might help researchers determine their origins, Freissinet said.

“That’s the most precious sample we have on board … waiting for us to run the perfect experiment on it,” she said. “It holds secrets, and we need to decipher the secrets.”

Briony Horgan, coinvestigator on the Perseverance rover mission and professor of planetary science at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, called the detection “a big win for the whole team.” Horgan was not involved the study.
“This detection really confirms our hopes that sediments laid down in ancient watery environments on Mars could preserve a treasure trove of organic molecules that can tell us about everything from prebiotic processes and pathways for the origin of life, to potential biosignatures from ancient organisms,” Horgan said.

Dr. Ben K.D. Pearce, assistant professor in Purdue’s department of Earth, atmospheric, and planetary sciences and leader of the Laboratory for Origins and Astrobiology Research, called the findings “arguably the most exciting organic detection to date on Mars.” Pearce did not participate in the research.

Jasoninsaf

02 May 2025 - 11:43 am

Arctic auroras
ethena
For getting around during winter, the Inuit here nowadays prefer snowmobiles, although they still keep their sled dogs. During winter they’ll offer intrepid visitors, wrapped up warm against the deep-freeze temperatures, dog-sledding jaunts. These can last either an hour or be part of expeditions over several days, sometimes with the added experience of learning how to build an igloo. Sisimiut on the west coast and Tasilaq in the southeast are active winter centers for dog sledding.

Winter’s most stellar attraction, though, is northern lights watching. With little urban light pollution, Greenland is a dark canvas for spectacular displays, and aurora borealis-watching vacations are becoming more popular.

Staying outdoors, Greenland is developing a reputation among adventure enthusiasts: from long-distance skiing expeditions and heliskiing on the icecap to hiking the 100-mile-long Arctic Circle Trail from Kangerslussuaq, where firearms need to be carried for warning shots in case of polar bear encounters.

Life is definitely changing here. The climate crisis is eating away at its icecap and Greenland may well end up as a pawn in a game of geopolitical chess. But for now, the bright glare of international attention should shine a favorable light on one of the wildest travel destinations on Earth.

Travel writer Mark Stratton is an Arctic specialist who has traveled to Greenland six times and counting. He’s marveled at the aurora borealis, sailed to Disko Island, dog-sledded with the Inuit, and once got stuck in an icefloe.

Lloydfog

02 May 2025 - 11:35 am

Tesla is bringing its electric cars to oil-rich Saudi Arabia amid falling global sales
aperture finance
Tesla will start selling its electric vehicles in Saudi Arabia, entering the Gulf region’s largest economy as the company’s global sales are sliding and CEO Elon Musk courts controversy with his role in the US government.

The carmaker announced Wednesday that it would host a launch event in the kingdom on April 10, where it will showcase its EVs. Attendees will also have the chance to “experience the future of autonomous driving with Cybercab and meet Optimus, our humanoid robot, as we showcase what’s next in AI and robotics,” Tesla (TSLA) said.

Tesla may struggle to gain market share in oil-rich Saudi Arabia as EVs make up a little over 1% of all car sales in the country, according to a report by consultancy PwC published in September.
Tesla’s entry into the new market comes as the company fights battles on several fronts.

Last year, it recorded the first annual decline in sales in its history as a public company, posting a drop of 1%.

The company is facing intensifying competition in China, the world’s largest auto market. On Tuesday, BYD, a Chinese maker of electric and hybrid cars, reported $107 billion in annual sales for 2024, beating the near-$98 billion notched by Tesla.

And last week, BYD unveiled an ultra-fast charging system, which it said was capable of adding 250 miles (402 km) of range in just five minutes, easily outdoing Tesla’s charging technology. Tesla’s Superchargers take 15 minutes to charge an EV, providing a range of 200 miles.

Tesla has also suffered slumping sales in Europe. In February, the carmaker sold around 40% fewer vehicles on the continent compared with the same month in 2024, according to the European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association.

Jasondrulp

02 May 2025 - 07:45 am

?get link # **Free Windows Subnet Scanner for Vulnerability Detection: Development and Download Options** ## **Introduction** Network security is a critical concern for IT professionals, and identifying vulnerabilities within subnets is essential for maintaining a secure infrastructure. A subnet scanner is a powerful tool that helps administrators detect open ports, misconfigurations, and potential security flaws across networked devices. For Windows users, several free and open-source subnet scanners are available, allowing both security professionals and developers to analyze networks and contribute to tool improvements. This article explores a free Windows-compatible subnet scanner capable of vulnerability detection, its key features, and how developers can extend its functionality. ## **Top Free Subnet Scanners for Windows** ### **1. Advanced IP Scanner** Developed by Famatech, **Advanced IP Scanner** is a lightweight yet powerful tool for scanning local networks. It provides: - Fast detection of connected devices. - Remote access via RDP and SSH. - Exportable scan reports in CSV format. While not a dedicated vulnerability scanner, it helps identify active hosts for further analysis. ### **2. Angry IP Scanner** **Angry IP Scanner** is an open-source tool that scans IP ranges and ports. Key features include: - Cross-platform compatibility (Windows, Linux, macOS). - Plugin support for extended functionality. - Export results to multiple formats (TXT, CSV, XML). Developers can modify its Java-based code to integrate custom vulnerability checks. ### **3. Nmap (Windows Version)** **Nmap** (Network Mapper) is the industry-standard tool for network discovery and security auditing. The Windows version offers: - Comprehensive port scanning and OS detection. - Scriptable vulnerability checks via NSE (Nmap Scripting Engine). - Integration with tools like Metasploit for penetration testing. Nmap is open-source, allowing developers to write custom scripts for subnet analysis. ### **4. SoftPerfect Network Scanner** This free tool provides advanced scanning capabilities, including: - Detection of shared folders and weak passwords. - Wake-on-LAN and remote shutdown support. - Customizable scan profiles. Though the free version has limitations, it remains useful for subnet analysis. ## **Developing a Custom Subnet Scanner** For developers interested in creating or modifying a subnet scanner, the following approaches can be taken: ### **1. Using Python with Scapy** Python’s **Scapy** library allows for custom packet crafting and network scanning. A basic subnet scanner can be built with: ```python from scapy.all import ARP, Ether, srp def scan_subnet(target_ip): arp = ARP(pdst=target_ip) ether = Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") packet = ether/arp result = srp(packet, timeout=3, verbose=0)] devices = for sent, received in result: devices.append('ip': received.psrc, 'mac': received.hwsrc) return devices print(scan_subnet("192.168.1.0/24")) ``` ### **2. Extending Nmap with Custom Scripts** Nmap’s **NSE (Nmap Scripting Engine)** allows developers to write Lua-based scripts for vulnerability detection. Example scripts can be found in Nmap’s official repository. ### **3. Building a GUI Scanner in C#** For a Windows-native solution, developers can use **C#** with .NET libraries to create a subnet scanner with vulnerability checks. Libraries like **SharpPcap** enable packet capture and analysis. ## **Conclusion** Free subnet scanners like **Nmap, Angry IP Scanner, and Advanced IP Scanner** provide robust network analysis capabilities for Windows users. Developers can further enhance these tools by contributing to open-source projects or building custom solutions using Python, Lua (NSE), or C#. By leveraging these tools, security professionals can efficiently detect vulnerabilities, secure networks, and prevent potential breaches. For those interested in development, modifying existing scanners or creating new ones offers valuable learning opportunities in cybersecurity. **Download Links:** - (https://nmap.org) - IP Scanner](https://

Jameslat

02 May 2025 - 05:19 am

Музика, атмосфера, люди – все це про Sea Freedom Fest. Основна сцена просто вибухала енергією під треки Miss Monique і Stage Rockers. Але мене найбільше вразила сцена «Інь-Янь», де музика була не просто звуком, а справжньою емоцією. А як вам фестиваль цього року? Що найбільше запам’яталося?

Augustwrowl

02 May 2025 - 04:50 am

Всім привіт.
Хтось знає , що це за сайт?
https://for-love.in.ua

Billyrem

02 May 2025 - 04:32 am

Mist and microlightning
solflare
To recreate a scenario that may have produced Earth’s first organic molecules, researchers built upon experiments from 1953 when American chemists Stanley Miller and Harold Urey concocted a gas mixture mimicking the atmosphere of ancient Earth. Miller and Urey combined ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4), hydrogen (H2) and water, enclosed their “atmosphere” inside a glass sphere and jolted it with electricity, producing simple amino acids containing carbon and nitrogen. The Miller-Urey experiment, as it is now known, supported the scientific theory of abiogenesis: that life could emerge from nonliving molecules.
For the new study, scientists revisited the 1953 experiments but directed their attention toward electrical activity on a smaller scale, said senior study author Dr. Richard Zare, the Marguerite Blake Wilbur Professor of Natural Science and professor of chemistry at Stanford University in California. Zare and his colleagues looked at electricity exchange between charged water droplets measuring between 1 micron and 20 microns in diameter. (The width of a human hair is 100 microns.)

“The big droplets are positively charged. The little droplets are negatively charged,” Zare told CNN. “When droplets that have opposite charges are close together, electrons can jump from the negatively charged droplet to the positively charged droplet.”
The researchers mixed ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrogen in a glass bulb, then sprayed the gases with water mist, using a high-speed camera to capture faint flashes of microlightning in the vapor. When they examined the bulb’s contents, they found organic molecules with carbon-nitrogen bonds. These included the amino acid glycine and uracil, a nucleotide base in RNA.

“We discovered no new chemistry; we have actually reproduced all the chemistry that Miller and Urey did in 1953,” Zare said. Nor did the team discover new physics, he added — the experiments were based on known principles of electrostatics.

“What we have done, for the first time, is we have seen that little droplets, when they’re formed from water, actually emit light and get this spark,” Zare said. “That’s new. And that spark causes all types of chemical transformations.”

Anthonyhog

02 May 2025 - 03:27 am

Scientists redid an experiment that showed how life on Earth could have started. They found a new possibility
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In the 1931 movie “Frankenstein,” Dr. Henry Frankenstein howling his triumph was an electrifying moment in more ways than one. As massive bolts of lightning and energy crackled, Frankenstein’s monster stirred on a laboratory table, its corpse brought to life by the power of electricity.

Electrical energy may also have sparked the beginnings of life on Earth billions of years ago, though with a bit less scenery-chewing than that classic film scene.

Earth is around 4.5 billion years old, and the oldest direct fossil evidence of ancient life — stromatolites, or microscopic organisms preserved in layers known as microbial mats — is about 3.5 billion years old. However, some scientists suspect life originated even earlier, emerging from accumulated organic molecules in primitive bodies of water, a mixture sometimes referred to as primordial soup.

But where did that organic material come from in the first place? Researchers decades ago proposed that lightning caused chemical reactions in ancient Earth’s oceans and spontaneously produced the organic molecules.

Now, new research published March 14 in the journal Science Advances suggests that fizzes of barely visible “microlightning,” generated between charged droplets of water mist, could have been potent enough to cook up amino acids from inorganic material. Amino acids — organic molecules that combine to form proteins — are life’s most basic building blocks and would have been the first step toward the evolution of life.